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What Is Open Source?
Free software sounds like it must be flimsy. Some of the most important software on earth is free and open source, including the software running this website. Here’s what it means.
When something is free, we usually assume there’s a catch. Free software must be flimsy, unsafe, or full of ads, right?
Not always. Some of the most important software in the world is free and open source. Including, as it happens, the software running this very website.
In plain English
Open source software is like a recipe printed in a cookbook instead of a secret family formula. Anyone can read it, use it, change it, and share their improvements.
Secret recipe vs. published recipe
Most software you buy is “closed.” The company keeps the code, the actual instructions the computer follows, locked away. You get the finished dish, but never the recipe.
Open source software publishes the recipe. Anyone can see exactly how it works. If you spot a mistake, you can suggest a fix. If you want to add a little more garlic, you can make your own version. Thousands of people around the world often work on the same project together.
You already use it every day
- Android, the system on most of the world’s phones, is built on open source.
- Linux runs most of the servers that power the internet. (See What Is an Operating System?)
- Firefox and the engine behind Chrome are open source.
- WordPress, which runs a huge chunk of all websites, including this one.
Is it safe?
Mostly, yes, and sometimes safer. When the recipe is public, lots of people can inspect it and spot problems. Bugs often get found and fixed quickly.
But “many eyes” doesn’t mean every project is perfect. Popular, well-maintained projects are usually solid. A tiny project nobody has touched in years can have problems nobody noticed. Like any software, keep it updated.
Free doesn’t always mean free-for-all
Open source software comes with a license, the rules for how you can use it. Most let you use it for free, even in a business. Some require that if you change it and share it, you share your changes too. The recipe is public, but you still give credit to the cook.
Side note
“Free” in open source is about freedom as much as price. The famous way people put it: free as in free speech, not just free as in free lunch.
Too long, didn’t read
- Open source means the code is public for anyone to read, use, and improve.
- It’s a published recipe instead of a secret formula.
- Android, Linux, Firefox, and WordPress are all open source.
- Popular open source projects are often very secure, as long as they’re kept updated.
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